It is an unfortunate truth that Minnesotans are currently experiencing elevated rates of traumatic experiences. When a child goes through something traumatic, or what psychologists call an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE), they are impacted more profoundly than adults are because their brains, coping systems, and sense of safety are still developing. As a result, ACEs increase the risk of mental health disorders, behavioral difficulties, physical health issues, and substance use later in life.
When trauma occurs during childhood, it can affect the ways young people learn to manage stress and regulate emotions. For some adolescents, substances can appear to offer temporary relief from anxiety, fear, or sadness associated with those experiences. This does not mean trauma inevitably leads to substance misuse, but it does increase vulnerability during a stage of life when decision-making and emotional regulation are still developing.
Research consistently shows a strong relationship between adverse childhood experiences and later substance use. The landmark ACE study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that individuals with four or more ACEs were significantly more likely to develop substance use problems than those with none. In fact, people with multiple ACEs were several times more likely to report alcohol or drug misuse later in life. It’s important to note that these numbers reflect a population from many years ago that didn’t have the resources (like Change the Outcome!) that we do today. If we recognize that Minnesotan youth need more attention and support now than ever before, we can mitigate the risks of substance misuse before they arise.
For communities and educators across Minnesota, the connection between trauma and substance misuse underscores the importance of awareness. Periods of community stress or instability can increase the number of young people experiencing trauma, even if those experiences are not immediately visible. Students may respond in many different ways, including changes in mood, behavior, or risk-taking. No matter how symptoms surface, we must give youth opportunities to heal in every way we can. Whether that’s bringing CTO to your school, or simply asking a student if they’re doing okay, you can make a difference in a child’s life.
